Explanation: Privileged EXEC mode (privilege level 15) is reserved for the enable mode privileges (all enable-level commands). Users can change configurations and view configuration files.

Explanation: The Secure Copy Protocol feature relies on SSH and requires that AAA authentication and authorization be configured so that the router can determine whether the user has the correct privilege level. For local authentication, at least one user with privilege level 15 has to be configured. Transfers can originate from any SCP client whether that client is another router, switch, or workstation. The ip scp server enable command has to be issued to enable the SCP server side functionality.

Explanation: During AutoSecure setup, the following steps occur:
– The auto secure command is entered.
– The wizard gathers information about the outside interfaces.
– AutoSecure secures the management place by disabling unnecessary services.
– AutoSecure prompts for a security banner.
– AutoSecure prompts for passwords and enables password and login features.
– Interfaces are secured.
– The forwarding plane is secured.

Explanation: Syslog messages can be sent to the logging buffer, the console line, the terminal line, or to a syslog server. However, debug-level messages are only forwarded to the internal buffer and only accessible through the Cisco CLI.

Explanation: The show ntp status command displays information about how NTP is operating on the device. The output shows that the router clock is synchronized with the NTP server with the address of 192.168.1.1. NTP is hierarchical. The router is a stratum 3 device, therefore it’s time source is a stratum 2 device. Authoritative time sources in the NTP system are located at stratum 0.

Explanation: In Cisco IOS software, there are 16 privilege levels:
Level 0 : Predefined for user-level access privileges.
Level 1 : The default level for login with the router prompt Router>.
Levels 2 -14 : May be customized for user-level privileges. Commands from lower levels may be moved up to another higher level, or commands from higher levels may be moved down to a lower level.
Level 15 : Reserved for the enable mode privileges (enable command).
To configure a privilege level with specific commands for a customized user level, use the privilege exec level level [ command ], where level could be between 2 to 14.

Explanation: SNMPv3 provides message integrity to ensure that a packet was not tampered with and authentication to determine if the message is from a valid source. SNMPv3 also supports message encryption. SNMPv1 and SNMPv2 do not support message encryption, but do support community strings. SNMPv2c supports bulk retrieval operation. All SNMP versions support the SNMP trap mechanism.

Explanation: TACACS+ authentication includes the following attributes:
Separates authentication and authorization processes
Encrypts all communication, not just passwords
Utilizes TCP port 49

Explanation: RADIUS is an open-standard AAA protocol using UDP port 1645 or 1812 for authentication and UDP port 1646 or 1813 for accounting. It combines authentication and authorization into one process.

Explanation: Local AAA authentication works very similar to the login local command, except that it allows you to specify backup authentication methods as well. Both methods require that local usernames and passwords be manually configured on the router.

Explanation: RADIUS authentication and accounting utilize the following UDP port numbers:
UDP port 1645 or 1812 for authentication
UDP port 1646 or 1813 for accounting
TACACS+ uses TCP port 49.

Explanation: To configure a privilege level with specific commands, use the privilege exec level level [ command ].

Explanation: In a small network with a few network devices, AAA authentication can be implemented with the local database and with usernames and passwords stored on the network devices. Authentication using the TACACS+ or RADIUS protocol will require dedicated ACS servers although this authentication solution scales well in a large network.

Explanation: Cisco role-based Superviews have several specific characteristics:
– A single CLI view can be shared within multiple superviews.
– Commands cannot be configured for a superview. An administrator must add commands to the CLI view and add that CLI view to the superview.
– Users who are logged into a superview can access all the commands that are configured for any of the CLI views that are part of the superview.
– Each superview has a password that is used to switch between superviews or from a CLI view to a superview.
– Deleting a superview does not delete the associated CLI views. The CLI views remain available to be assigned to another superview.
– Only a root view user can configure a new view and add or remove commands from the existing views.

Explanation: The command Router(config)# parser view [ view-name ] is used to create a new CLI view. The command Router(config)# parser view [ view-name ] superview is used to create a new superview view.

Explanation: From the root view, a network administrator can see a summary of all role-based views by using the show parser view all command. An asterisk identifies a superview.

Explanation: The Cisco IOS Resilient Configuration stores a secure copy of the primary image file and device configuration. These secure files cannot be removed by a user. Its main function is to speed up the recovery time if a device has been compromised and the image file and the device configuration have been deleted. This feature is only available on platforms that support a PCMCIA ATA disk with enough storage space.

Explanation: There are 16 privilege levels that can be applied to user accounts. Levels 0, 1, and 15 have predefined settings. This leaves levels 2 through 14 available for creating custom levels of access.

Explanation: The facility is a service identifier used to categorize and identify the messages being generated by a device using syslog. The facility of OSPF identifies this syslog message as being from the OSPF protocol. Level 5 is the severity level of this message. ADJCHG is the mnemonic to describe the action occurring. Loading Done is part of the description of the event that occurred.

Explanation: One of the purposes of AAA is to provide secure authentication to network devices. Local implementation does not use RADIUS or TACACS+ servers. It relies on a local database to authenticate all users. This can be a problem in a network that has many devices with hundreds of users or more.

Explanation: The key command is used to configure the shared secret key that is used for encryption. The key must be configured the exact same way on the router and on the ACS server. The creation of a VPN tunnel is unnecessary. Neither the configuration of ports nor the use of the single-connection command has any effect on encryption.

Explanation: The superview role-based CLI view named SUPPORT has been configured on the router. The SUPPORT suerview consists of two CLI views called SHOWVIEW and VERIFYVIEW.

Explanation: Before an administrator can create a view for role-based CLI access, AAA must be enabled using the aaa new-model command.

Explanation: The two commands that are necessary to configure authentication via the password 1A2b3C for all OSPF-enabled interfaces in the backbone area (Area 0) of the company network would be ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 1A2b3C and area 0 authentication message-digest. The option area 1 authentication message-digest is incorrect because it refers to Area 1, not Area 0. The option enable password 1A2b3C is incorrect because it would set the privileged EXEC mode password instead of the OSPF authentication password. The option username OSPF password 1A2b3C is required to create a username database in a router, which is not required with OSPF authentication.

Explanation: One of the components in AAA is authorization. After a user is authenticated through AAA, authorization services determine which resources the user can access and which operations the user is allowed to perform.

Explanation: The authentication component of AAA is established using username and password combinations, challenge and response questions, and token cards. The authorization component of AAA determines which resources the user can access and which operations the user is allowed to perform. The accounting and auditing component of AAA keeps track of how network resources are used.

Explanation: Authorization is concerned with allowing and disallowing authenticated users access to certain areas and programs on the network as well as specific services. Controlling access to configuration commands greatly simplifies the infrastructure security in large enterprise networks.